What does the term "industrialization" refer to?

The term "industrialization" specifically refers to the significant transformation of a society that occurs when it transitions from an agrarian, or primarily agricultural, economy to one that emphasizes the manufacturing of goods. This process involves the establishment and expansion of factories, the adoption of machinery, and an overall shift in labor force from farming and agriculture to industrial production.

Industrialization is marked by various societal changes, including urbanization, as people move to cities in search of jobs in factories. This transition fundamentally alters the economy, social structures, and even cultural practices within a society, moving away from the reliance on agriculture for economic output to a focus on manufacturing processes.

Other options do not correctly capture the essence of industrialization. While the development of agriculture might influence economic conditions, it does not define the process of industrialization itself. The shift from a manufacturing economy to a service economy describes a later stage in economic evolution and is distinct from industrialization, which focuses on the initial growth of the manufacturing sector. Lastly, the increase in technology use in education pertains to educational advancements and does not relate to the economic or structural changes that characterize industrialization.