What were "push factors" typically associated with in migration?

"Push factors" in migration refer specifically to conditions that lead individuals to leave their home country or region. These factors often include issues such as political instability, war, economic hardship, environmental disasters, or persecution. Essentially, push factors create an environment that is so unfavorable that individuals feel compelled to seek better conditions elsewhere.

In contrast, the other options focus on aspects of destination or attraction rather than the circumstances leading to departure. For example, conditions that make a place attractive would be classified as "pull factors," which are the opposite of push factors. Understanding this distinction is crucial in analyzing migration patterns and the various motivations behind individuals' decisions to relocate.