Which document is known as the foundation of American democracy?

The U.S. Constitution is regarded as the foundation of American democracy because it lays down the fundamental principles and framework of the government that guides the United States. It establishes the structure of the federal government, delineating the powers and responsibilities of its three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. By doing so, it incorporates key democratic concepts such as checks and balances, separation of powers, and federalism, which are essential to preventing the concentration of power and protecting citizens' rights.

The Constitution also embodies the core democratic values of the nation, including the rule of law and the idea that government is accountable to the people. It outlines how elected leaders will be chosen and ensures mechanisms for amendments, allowing the Constitution to evolve with society's changing needs and beliefs.

While the Declaration of Independence articulates the philosophy underlying American democracy and asserts the colonies' right to independence, and the Bill of Rights guarantees civil liberties, it is the Constitution that forms the operational backbone of the nation's democratic system. The Federalist Papers, while instrumental in promoting the ratification of the Constitution and providing insight into the framers' intentions, are not a governing document themselves.